Chemotherapy
What is Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is the medical term for medications that destroy fast-growing cancer cells throughout the body. It primarily targets and destroys cells that are actively dividing. Since most cancer cells divide quickly, they are the most susceptible to the effects of chemotherapy. However, some healthy cells that also divide rapidly can be affected, leading to potential side effects. Chemotherapy drugs are typically delivered through the bloodstream, allowing them to reach cells throughout the entire body.
Main Chemotherapy Categories
There are several types of chemotherapy drugs, each classified based on their mechanism of action and the specific processes they target within cancer cells.
Alkylating Agents
These drugs directly damage DNA, preventing cancer cells from reproducing. They are effective in all phases of the cell cycle. Examples: Chlorambucil, Cyclophosphamide, Cisplatin, Carboplatin.
Nitrosoureas
They inhibit DNA repair enzymes and can cross the blood-brain barrier. Examples: Carmustine, Lomustine.
Anti-Metabolites
These interfere with DNA and RNA synthesis during cell division. Examples: Fluorouracil, Methotrexate, Fludarabine.
Plant Alkaloids and Natural Products
Derived from natural sources, these drugs prevent cell division and repair. Examples: Vincristine, Paclitaxel, Topotecan.
Anti-Tumor Antibiotics
These do not function like typical antibiotics; instead, they alter DNA structure to inhibit cancer cell growth. Examples: Bleomycin, Doxorubicin, Mitoxantrone.
Topoisomerase Inhibitors
Block enzymes needed for DNA replication. Examples: Etoposide ,Irinotecan.
Administration of Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is typically given in cycles, which consist of a treatment period followed by a rest period. This rest allows the body to recover and produce new healthy cells.
- Intravenous (IV): Directly into a vein.
- Oral: Taken as a pill, capsule, or liquid.
- Injections: As a shot into a muscle or another area of the
- body, or under the skin.
- Intrathecal (IT): Given via lumbar puncture.
Side Effects
Short-term:Fatigue, nausea, constipation or diarrhea, skin changes, hair loss, mouth sores, increased risk of infection, anemia and bruising.
Long-term:Heart, nerve, or fertility issues.
Managing Side Effects
- Keep an open line of communication with healthcare providers about any side effects experienced.
- Supportive care such as nutritionists, psychologists, and palliative care specialists.
- Education about what to expect from treatment; understanding can reduce fear and anxiety.
- Regular check-ups are crucial for managing side effects effectively and adjusting treatment plans as necessary.
The Journey of Healing Starts Here
At our center, we are committed to providing chemotherapy in a safe, welcoming, and supportive environment.
Our highly trained staff follow the latest best practices and standardized protocols to ensure each patient receives the most effective treatment possible.