Vascular Malformation
Overview
Vascular malformations are abnormal formations of blood or lymph vessels that develop before birth or later in life. Unlike tumors, these noncancerous growths grow with the body and can cause pain, swelling, or other complications depending on their type and location
Types of vascular malformations
Capillary malformations
Often referred to as port-wine stains, these are flat, discolored areas on the skin.
Venous malformations
Composed of enlarged veins that can cause swelling and discomfort; they may appear bluish and are often soft to the touch.
Lymphatic malformations
Abnormal growths of lymphatic vessels that can lead to swelling and fluid accumulation.
Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs)
Abnormal connections between arteries and veins that can lead to high blood flow and pressure, potentially causing pain and bleeding.
Combined malformations
These involve more than one type of vessel and may present complex symptoms.
Symptoms
- Pain or tenderness in the affected area
- Swelling or a noticeable lump under the skin
- Facial or body asymmetry
- Skin discoloration
- Breathing/swallowing issues if located in the head or neck
- Bleeding or fluid leakage from skin lesions
- Infections, particularly in lymphatic malformations
- Heart symptoms: A large AVM can cause heart failure.
- Neurological Issues if located in the brain.
Diagnosis
- Physical examination .
- Imaging studies such as Ultrasound, MRI, or CT scans to assess the extent of the malformation.
- Angiography: It is a specialized test that uses contrast dye to map blood flow in arteries and veins.
The Journey of Healing Starts Here
If you or your loved one is experiencing symptoms of Vascular malformations, our expert hematology team is here to help. We provide comprehensive diagnostic services, individualized treatment plans, and ongoing support to ensure the best outcomes.
Treatment options
Treatment options for vascular malformations depend on several factors, including the size, location, and symptoms associated with the malformation.
- Observation for asymptomatic cases.
- Sclerotherapy: A common procedure where a special medicine is injected into the malformation to block the abnormal vessels, reducing swelling and symptoms.
- Embolization for AVMs to block abnormal blood flow.
- Medications like mTOR inhibitors have emerged in recent years as a promising treatment option for patients with lymphatic malformations that are resistant to conventional therapies.
- Laser therapy to reduce size and improve appearance.
- Surgical intervention to remove or repair affected vessels.