Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL)
Overview
Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a type of cancer that originates in the lymphatic system, an essential component of the immune system. In NHL, specific white blood cells known as lymphocytes become abnormal and proliferate uncontrollably, often forming tumors in the lymph nodes and other areas of the body.
It most commonly affects those aged between 5 to 20 years.
Types of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
B-cell Lymphomas
The most common type, which includes:
1- Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL): The most common aggressive form.
2- Follicular Lymphoma: A slower-growing type that can transform into a more aggressive form.
3- Mantle Cell Lymphoma: An aggressive type that often presents at an advanced stage.
T-cell Lymphomas
Less common and can include:
1- Peripheral T-cell Lymphoma: A diverse group of aggressive lymphomas.
2- Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma: A rare and aggressive form.
Other Subtypes
Including primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.
Common signs and symptoms
- Painless swelling of lymph nodes, particularly in the neck, armpits, or groin
- Abdominal pain or swelling
- Breathing difficulties
- Intermittent unexplained fevers
- Night sweats
- Unintentional weight loss
- Persistent fatigue
- Itchy skin
Diagnostic tests and procedures
- Physical Exam to check for lumps, swelling, or other signs of illness.
- Blood tests to evaluate overall health and detect abnormalities.
- Imaging such as X-rays, CT scans, or PET scans to locate affected lymph nodes or organs.
- Lymph node biopsy to look for specific cells associated with Hodgkin lymphoma.
- Bone marrow study to check for the presence of abnormal cells in the bone marrow, as NHL can spread there.
The Journey of Healing Starts Here
If you or your loved one is experiencing symptoms of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, our expert hematology team is here to help. We provide comprehensive diagnostic services, individualized treatment plans, and ongoing support to ensure the best outcomes.
Treatment options
- Chemotherapy is the primary treatment for NHL, using powerful medications to kill lymphoma cells, typically administered in multiple cycles.
- Radiation therapy to eliminate cancer cells in targeted areas.
- Targeted Therapy.
- Bone marrow transplant (BMT): If initial treatments are ineffective or if the disease recurs, BMT may be recommended.
Prognosis
The prognosis for patients with NHL varies widely based on several factors, including the specific type of NHL, stage at diagnosis, age, overall health, and response to treatment. Some forms of NHL are highly treatable with good outcomes, while others may be more challenging to manage. Overall survival rates have improved significantly over the years due to advancements in treatment options.