Neuroblastoma
Overview
Neuroblastoma is a type of cancer that develops from immature nerve cells (neural crest cells). It is the most common cancer in infants and young children, usually diagnosed around the age of 17 months. It mostly occurs in the adrenal glands (above the kidneys) but can also be found in the neck, chest, abdomen, pelvis, or spine.
Common signs and symptoms
- Lumps or swelling in the belly, neck, or chest
- Bone pain, limping, or weakness
- Uncontrolled eye movement
- Dark circles around the eyes
- Changes in urination
- Fever, fatigue, and weight Loss
- Diarrhea, high blood pressure, or rapid heartbeat
Diagnostic tests and procedures
Lab tests
Blood tests and urine tests to detect elevated levels of catecholamine breakdown products (a hallmark of neuroblastoma).
Imaging
MRI or CT and MIBG Scan.
Biopsy
Examining tissue from the tumor under a microscope confirms the diagnosis.
Bone marrow testing
To see if the cancer has spread to the bone marrow.
The Journey of Healing Starts Here
If you or your loved one is experiencing symptoms of Neuroblastoma, our expert hematology team is here to help. We provide comprehensive diagnostic services, individualized treatment plans, and ongoing support to ensure the best outcomes.
Treatment options
Surgery
To remove the tumor, especially if localized.
Chemotherapy
Used for high-risk cases to shrink tumors before surgery or to treat metastatic disease.
Radiation therapy
Target remaining cancer cells post-surgery or for palliative care.
Bone marrow transplant (BMT)
May be considered for high-risk patients after intensive chemotherapy.
Immunotherapy
Drugs like dinutuximab help the immune system attack cancer.
Prognosis
The prognosis for patients with neuroblastoma varies widely based on several factors, including age at diagnosis, stage of the disease, tumor characteristics, and response to treatment. Overall survival rates have improved significantly over the years due to advancements in treatment options. Regular follow-up care is essential to monitor for potential complications or recurrence after treatment.