Central Venous Catheter (CVC) Placement
Overview
In many cancer and blood disorder treatments, especially for children and patients undergoing chemotherapy or stem cell transplant, a special device called a central line is placed. This is a small, flexible tube that’s inserted into a large vein, usually in the chest or neck area, to help give medications, draw blood, and deliver nutrition or fluids, without needing frequent needle pricks.
It’s a routine and safe procedure, and it plays a big role in making treatment easier and more comfortable.
Types of Central Lines
Tunneled Central Venous Catheters (CVCs)
These are inserted into a large vein, usually in the chest or neck, and can be used for long-term treatment. They come in various types including single-lumen, double-lumen, and triple-lumen catheters.
Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters (PICCs)
These are inserted into a vein in the arm and threaded to a central vein. These catheters are suitable for medium-term use (up to six months) and are less invasive than tunneled catheters, making them a common choice for patients requiring frequent IV therapy.
Implanted Ports (Port-a-Cath)
This device is completely implanted under the skin and accessed with a special needle. It is ideal for patients who need infrequent access to their central line, as it reduces the risk of infection and provides a more cosmetic option.
Non-Tunneled Central Venous Catheters
These are typically used for short-term access (up to three weeks) and can be placed in various locations such as the internal jugular vein or subclavian vein. They are often used in emergency situations or when immediate access is needed.
What to Expect
Pre-Procedure Instructions
The medical team will thoroughly explain the procedure and address all your questions, followed by a physical exam and any necessary blood tests. Be sure to follow the fasting guidelines provided by your healthcare team. For emotional preparation, explain the process to your child in simple, reassuring terms, emphasizing that it’s a normal and important part of their treatment plan.
Procedure
The central line is inserted in a sterile environment, either in the operating room or a specialized procedure room. A small incision is made, and the catheter is guided into a large vein (usually leading to the heart). All of central lines at our center are inserted using interventional radiology techniques. This minimally invasive procedure involves the skilled placement of a catheter into a large vein, often guided by ultrasound and X-ray imaging to ensure precise positioning. All lines are inserted under sedation to minimize discomfort during the procedure.
Duration
The procedure usually takes less than an hour depending on the type of line being placed.
After the Procedure
Once in place, the central line is secured with stitches or a dressing. You may feel a bit sore at the site for a day or two, but this goes away quickly. A nurse will teach you how to care for the line at home and how to keep the area clean to prevent infection.
Complications
There is a risk of infection at the insertion site or within the bloodstream
Blood clots may form around the catheter.
Rarely, air can enter the chest cavity during insertion.
Care of the Line
Regular cleaning and dressing changes are essential to prevent infection.
Regular flushing to keep the line patent and prevent clots.
Infection prevention measures.
You are in Good Hands
We are proud that the center has achieved recognition for maintaining exceptionally low rates of infections, specifically central line–associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) and sepsis.
Want to Know Our Achievements in Infection Control?