Wilms tumor
Overview
Wilms tumor, also known as nephroblastoma, is a type of kidney cancer that primarily affects children. It usually occurs in one kidney but can sometimes affect both. Wilms tumor typically develops from immature kidney cells and is most commonly diagnosed in children aged 3 to 4 years.
Common signs and symptoms
- Belly swelling and pain
- Blood in urine
- High blood pressure
- Decreased appetite and weight loss
- Fever and fatigue
- Constipation
Diagnostic tests and procedures
- Blood tests to assess kidney function, anemia, and overall health.
- Urinalysis to rule out other conditions and may show blood in the urine.
- Ultrasound: Initial imaging test to identify abdominal masses and assess kidney structure.
- CT Scan or MRI: Provides detailed images to determine the extent of the tumor and check for metastasis.
- Chest X-Ray or CT scan: Used to detect any spread of cancer to the lungs.
- Biopsy is not usually performed due to risk of tumor spillage, which could increase the stage, but considered if the diagnosis is unclear or if the tumor cannot be removed immediately.
The Journey of Healing Starts Here
If you or your loved one is experiencing symptoms of Wilms tumor, our expert hematology team is here to help. We provide comprehensive diagnostic services, individualized treatment plans, and ongoing support to ensure the best outcomes.
Treatment options
Surgery (Nephrectomy)
The primary treatment involves surgical removal of the affected kidney and tumor.
Chemotherapy
Often administered before surgery to shrink tumors and continued after surgery.
Radiation Therapy
May be employed post-surgery in high-risk patients or if there is residual disease.
Prognosis
The prognosis is excellent for most children, especially those with favorable histology and early-stage disease. Advanced treatments and follow-up care have significantly improved outcomes even for higher-risk cases.