Platelets Disorders
Overview
Platelets disorders are conditions that affect the number or function of platelets, which are small blood cells essential for blood clotting. When platelets are too few, too many, or do not work properly, it can lead to abnormal bleeding or clotting.
Conditions that affect platelet counts can occur at any age, but some disorders are more prevalent in infants and young children.
Types of platelets disorders
Low platelets count (Thrombocytopenia), which may occur due to:
Increased destruction of platelets
- Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) where the immune system destroys platelets, often following a viral infection.
- Infections mostly viral such as mononucleosis, cytomegalovirus (CMV), and HIV can lead to increased platelet destruction.
- Autoimmune diseases like lupus can cause the immune system to attack and destroy platelets.
Decreased production of platelets
- Bone marrow disorders such as aplastic anemia and leukemia can impair the bone marrow ability to produce platelets.
- Genetic conditions that may affect platelets production.
- Medications and toxins.
High platelets count (Thrombocytosis), causes include:
- Primary (essential thrombocytosis)
A rare disorder where the bone marrow produces too many platelets. - Secondary (reactive thrombocytosis)
Elevated platelets levels due to conditions like infections, inflammation, or iron deficiency.
Platelets dysfunction, which may occur due to:
- Genetic disorders, such as Glanzmann’s Thrombasthenia or Bernard-Soulier Syndrome.
- Medications like aspirin or ibuprofen, which affect platelet function.
Common signs and symptoms
- Easy bruising
- Unexplained blood spots under the skin (petechiae)
- Frequent nosebleeds or gum bleeding
- Heavy menstrual bleeding (in women)
- Excessive or prolonged bleeding from minor cuts or injuries
- Excessive bleeding after surgery
- Anemia symptoms
- In cases of thrombocytosis, symptoms may include headaches, dizziness, or an increased risk of blood clots.
The Journey of Healing Starts Here
If you or your loved one is experiencing symptoms of Platelets Disorders, our expert hematology team is here to help. We provide comprehensive diagnostic services, individualized treatment plans, and ongoing support to ensure the best outcomes.
Treatment options
Treatment will depend on the underlying cause of the platelet disorder
- Medications such as corticosteroids for immune-related causes or drugs to suppress excessive platelet production in cases of thrombocytosis.
- Platelet transfusion for severe bleeding or dangerously low platelet levels.
- Avoiding medications that affect platelet function and using precautions to reduce bleeding risks.
- Bone marrow transplant (BMT) in special cases.
Prognosis
The prognosis for patients with platelets disorders varies significantly based on the underlying condition.
Many patients with mild forms may lead normal lives with appropriate management. However, more severe cases can lead to significant health risks if not properly treated.
At HBMTC, we take a personalized approach to diagnosing and treating platelets disorders. With access to advanced diagnostic tools and cutting-edge treatments, our specialists work closely with patients to develop care plans tailored to their unique condition. Our goal is to not only manage symptoms but also improve our patients’ overall quality of life through compassionate, expert care.