Anemia
Overview
Anemia is a common condition that arises when the body lacks sufficient red blood cells (RBCs) to transport oxygen to various tissues and organs. It is one of the most common blood disorders, affecting individuals of all ages, genders, and ethnicities.
Causes of Anemia
- Impaired RBC production
Nutritional deficiencies (e.g., iron deficiency, vitamin B12 deficiency, folate deficiency).
Bone marrow disorders (e.g., aplastic anemia, myelodysplastic syndromes).
Chronic diseases (e.g., chronic kidney disease, cancer).
Genetic disorders (e.g., thalassemia, sickle cell anemia). - Increased RBC loss
Blood loss due to acute trauma, surgery, or heavy menstruation.
Chronic gastrointestinal bleeding (e.g., ulcers, colorectal cancer, or inflammatory bowel disease) - Excessive RBC destruction
Hemolytic anemia due to autoimmune diseases, infections, or inherited disorders like G6PD deficiency.
Common signs and symptoms
- Fatigue
- Dizziness
- Headache
- Palpitations and shortness of breath
- Cracked lips and nails
- Fragile hair
- Palor
- Other signs and symptoms specific to the underlying cause of anemia
Diagnostic tests and procedures
- Complete blood count (CBC) to assess the levels of red blood cells and hemoglobin.
- Additional tests may be done to identify the underlying cause of the anemia.
The Journey of Healing Starts Here
If you or your loved one is experiencing symptoms of anemia, our expert hematology team is here to help. We provide comprehensive diagnostic services, individualized treatment plans, and ongoing support to ensure the best outcomes.
Treatment
Nutritional Deficiencies
Iron deficiency anemia: Iron supplements (oral or IV) and dietary modifications.
Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia: B12 injections or oral supplements.
Folate deficiency anemia: Folate supplementation.
Chronic Disease-Related Anemia
Treat the underlying condition.
Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (e.g., epoetin alfa).
Inherited Anemias (e.g., Thalassemia, Sickle Cell Anemia)
Blood transfusions.
Chelation therapy (to manage iron overload).
Bone marrow transplantation in certain cases.
Hemolytic Anemia
Steroids and immunosuppressive therapy for autoimmune hemolysis.
Splenectomy in refractory cases.
Acute Blood Loss
Surgical intervention to control bleeding.
Blood transfusion to restore RBC count.
Prevention of Anemia
Consume iron-rich foods (e.g., lean meats, spinach, legumes, fortified cereals).
Ensure adequate intake of vitamin B12 and folate (e.g., dairy products, eggs, leafy greens).
Regular screening for anemia in high-risk populations (e.g., pregnant women, patients with chronic diseases).
Treat underlying conditions contributing to anemia (e.g., heavy menstrual bleeding, gastrointestinal disorders).